A fault in a battery can cause a fire or an explosion (a release of energy in an uncontrolled manner). With lead-acid batteries there is the danger of acid spillages and explosive hydrogen gas. Damaged or incorrectly operated lithium-ion batteries can be a fire and/or explosion hazard. Strict compliance with manufacturers’ installation, operation and maintenance instructions is essential.

Purchasers of PV systems with batteries need to consider:

  • Where in a building are the batteries going to be installed?
    • Batteries are large, heavy and contain hazardous materials.
    • A special room may need to be constructed for larger systems.
  • Who is going to maintain the batteries?
    • Only trained persons should do so.
  • How are the batteries going to be disposed of at the end of their service life?
    • Batteries are considered to be toxic waste.
    • Some companies have comprehensive recycling schemes for equipment.

Deep cycle 2 V lead-acid batteries in a battery room. Each battery cell is 0.5 metres high. The nominal output of the PV array is 2,000 Wp.

Warning signs used with lead-acid batteries.

 

There are international standards regarding the installation requirements for batteries, battery enclosures and battery rooms. Reputable manufacturers will incorporate these into their installation and operation manuals/instructions, which should always be rigorously adhered to. The requirements for lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries will be different.

There are also issues regarding battery fires (especially with regard to lithium-ion batteries) that firefighting services need to be aware of.

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